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Decoding Medical Abbreviations and Acronyms for Hospitals

Writer's picture: Team MaarkProTeam MaarkPro


In the fast-paced world of healthcare, medical professionals frequently use abbreviations and acronyms to streamline communication. These shorthand notations help in saving time and conveying critical information efficiently. However, decoding them can sometimes be like deciphering a secret code. In this blog, we'll unveil the meaning of various medical abbreviations and acronyms commonly used in hospitals, making it easier to understand your medical reports and the information provided by healthcare providers.


MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS FOR HOSPITALS

 

1min, 2h, 3/7, 4/52, 5/12, 6yr – 1 minute, 2 hours, 3 days, 4 weeks, 5 months, 6 years

 

111 – NHS111 – NHS helpline and website, especially when you need care today

 

999 – emergency care line (and way of requesting an ambulance)

 

1948 – when the NHS started – part of the dream of a compassionate post-war welfare state

 

# – broken bone (fracture)

 

A

AAA – abdominal aortic aneurysm

 

A&E – accident and emergency

 

ABG – arterial blood gas

 

ABO – blood types

 

ACE – angiotensin converting enzyme.

 

ACS – acute coronary syndrome

 

ACP – advanced clinical practitioner (like PA)

 

ACR/PCR – albumin-protein/creatinine ratio

 

ADHD – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

 

ADL – activity of daily living

 

AE – adverse event

 

AF – atrial fibrillation

 

AFB – acid-fast bacilli

 

AIDS – acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

 

alk phos – alkaline phosphatase

 

ALT/AST – alanine/aspartate transferase

 

AKA – above-knee amputation

 

AKI – acute kidney injury

 

AMHP – approved mental health professional

 

angio – angiogram/plasty +/ stent

 

ANP – advanced nurse practitioner (like CNS)

 

APD – automated peritoneal dialysis

 

APA/APS – anti-phospholipid antibody/syndrome

 

ARDS – acute respiratory distress syndrome

 

APTT – activated partial thromboplastin time (a measure of how long it takes your blood to clot)

 

ARB – angiotensin receptor blocker

 

ATN/D – acute tubular necrosis/damage

 

AVM – arteriovenous malformation

 

AVN – avascular necrosis (e.g. of femoral head)

 

AXR – abdominal x-ray

 

B

BC – blood culture

 

BCG  – Bacille Calmette Guerin

 

BD – 2 times a day

 

bili – bilirubin

 

BKA – below-knee amputation

 

BMI – body mass index

 

BMT – bone marrow transplant

 

BNO – bowels not open

 

BNP – B-type natriuretic peptide

 

BO – bowels open

 

Bone – bone biochemistry

 

BP – blood pressure

 

BPH – benign prostatic hyperplasia

 

BSO – bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy

 

Bx – biopsy

 

C

Ca – cancer

 

CABG – coronary artery bypass graft

 

CAE – clinical adverse event

 

CAP/HAP – community/hospital acquired pneumonia

 

cath lab – cardiac catheter laboratory

 

CCU – coronary care unit

 

C diff – clostridium difficile

 

CHF/CCF – chronic heart/congestive failure

 

Chol – cholesterol

 

CIN – cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

 

CK/CPK – creatine kinase/creatine phosphokinase

 

CKD – chronic kidney disease

 

CMHN – community mental health nurse

 

CMV – cytomegalovirus

 

CNS – central nervous system

 

CNS – clinical nurse specialist (like ANP)

 

COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

 

cons – consultant

 

CPAP – continuous positive airway pressure

 

CPN – community psychiatric nurse

 

CQC – Care Quality Commission (health and social care inspector)

 

Cr/Creat – creatinine

 

CRP – C reactive protein (similar to ESR)

 

CSF – cerebrospinal fluid

 

CSU – catheter specimen of urine

 

CT scan – computerised tomography scan

 

CTPA  – CT pulmonary angiogram

 

CVA – cerebrovascular accident

 

CVP – central venous pressure

 

CVVHF – continuous veno-venous haemofiltration

 

CXR – chest x-ray

 

CYA – ciclosporin

 

D

D&C – dilatation and curettage

 

DIC – disseminated intravascular coagulation

 

dip – urinary dipstick

 

DHSC – Department of Health and Social Care (in UK government; also known as DoH, and ‘DH’)

 

DKA – diabetic ketoacidosis

 

DM – diabetes (DM1, DM2)

 

DMARD – disease-modulating antirheumatic drug

 

DN – district nurse

 

DNA – did not attend

 

DNA-CPR – do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation

DNAR – do not attempt resuscitation

DNR – do not resuscitate

 

Dr – doctor

 

DR – diabetic retinopathy

 

DRE – digital rectal examination

 

DTs – delirium tremens

 

DVT – deep vein thrombosis

 

Dx/DDx – diagnosis/differential diagnosis

 

DXT – deep x-ray therapy

 

E

EBV – Epstein Barr Virus

 

ECG –  electrocardiogram

 

ECHO – echocardiogram A test that uses sound waves to look at the heart

 

ECT – electroconvulsive therapy

 

ED/ER – emergency department/room

 

e-DS – e discharge summary

 

EEG – electroencephalogram

 

EMG – electromyography

 

EMSU – early morning sample urine

 

ENT – ear, nose and throat

 

EPO – erythropoeitin

 

ERCP – endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

 

ESR – erythrocyte sedimentation rate (a type of blood test used to help diagnose conditions associated with inflammation)

 

ESRF/D – end-stage renal failure/disease

 

ETOH – alcohol

 

ETT – endotracheal tube

 

EUA – examination under anaesthetic

 

execs – they who should be obeyed

 

F

FBC – full blood count (a type of blood test)

 

FH – family history

 

FTND – full term normal delivery

 

FY1/FY2 – foundation year doctor 1/2 (or F1/2s = year 1 and 2; i.e. first two years after qualification)

 

G

G&S – group and save

 

GA – general anaesthetic

 

GCS – Glasgow Coma Scale

 

(e)GFR – (estimated) glomerular filtration rate

 

gluc – glucose

 

GORD – gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

 

GMC – General Medical Council (doctors’ regulator)

 

GN – glomerulonephritis

 

GP – general practitioner (or practice)

 

GTT – glucose tolerance test

 

GVHD – graft-versus-host disease

 

H

HAART – highly active antiretroviral therapy (f0r HIV/AIDS)

 

H/O – history of

 

Hb – haemoglobin (a substance in red blood cells that moves oxygen around the body)

 

HCA – healthcare assistant

 

HCO3 – bicarbonate (or ‘bicarb’)

 

HCSW – healthcare support worker

 

HD – haemodialysis

 

HDL – high-density lipoprotein (a type of cholesterol)

 

HDU – high dependency unit

 

Hep A, B, C, D, E – hepatitis A, B, C, D, E

 

HHS –  hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (previously known as HONK)

 

HIV – human immunodeficiency virus

 

House – old phrase for change of JDs in August, Dec, April (as in ‘the new house’)

 

HPC – history of present complaint

 

HR  – heart rate (beats/minute)

 

HPV – human papillomavirus

 

HSV – herpes simplex virus

 

HRT – hormone replacement therapy

 

Ht – height

 

HV – health visitor

 

HVS – high vaginal swab

 

Hx – history

 

hyper/hypo – above or high; below or low

 

I

 

ICB – integrated care board (local level financial administration, below NHS Region; 42 in England)

 

IBD – inflammatory bowel disease

 

ICD – implantable cardioverter defibrillator

 

ICH – intracranial haemorrhage

 

ICU – intensive care unit

 

ICP – intracranial pressure

 

ID – infectious disease

 

IHD – ischaemic heart disease

 

IM – intramuscular (injection into a muscle)

 

INR – international normalised ratio (a measure of how long blood takes to clot)

 

IP – inpatient

 

LRTI – lower respiratory tract infection

 

IU – international unit

 

IV – intravenous (injection directly to a vein)

 

IVDU – intravenous drug use

 

IVI – intravenous infusion

 

IVU/IVP – intravenous urogram/pyelogram (an X-ray of your urinary tract)

 

Ix – investigations

 

J

JD – junior doctor (we need a better phrase)

 

JVP – jugular venous pressure

 

K

K – potassium

 

KUB – kidneys/ureters/bladder

 

L

LA – local anaesthetic

 

LDL – low-density lipoprotein (a type of cholesterol)

 

LFT – liver function test (a type of blood test measuring enzymes and proteins in your liver)

 

LMP – last menstrual period

 

LOC – level of consciousness

 

LOS – length of stay

 

LP – lumbar puncture

 

LVH – left ventricular hypertrophy

 

M

Majors – part of A&E where people with major (more severe) illnesses are looked after

 

Max-fax – maxillofacial (oral) surgery

 

M,C&S – microscopy, culture and sensitivity

 

Med school – medical school (also to be obeyed)

 

meds – medicines

 

MB – microbiology

 

mcg – microgram

 

mg – milligram

 

MI – myocardial infarction

 

Minors – part of A&E where people with minor (less severe) illnesses are looked after

 

MIU – minor injury/illness unit

 

M&M – morbidity and mortality

 

mmHg – millimeters of mercury

 

MMR – measles-mumps-rubella (vaccine)

 

M/R – modified release

 

MRI – magnetic resonance imaging

 

MRSA – methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

 

MRCP – magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

 

MSE – mental state examination

 

MSU – mid-stream specimen of urine

 

N

NEB – nebulised

 

NEWS – national early warning score

 

N&V – nausea and vomiting

 

Na – sodium

 

NAD – no abnormality detected

 

NAI – non-accidental injury

 

NBM – nil by mouth

 

NG – nasogastric (running between your nose and stomach)

 

NHSE – NHS England (national level of NHS administration; Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are own ‘NHSs’)

 

NHS Region – regional level of NHS administration (7 in England, between ICB and NHSE)

 

NICE – National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (guidelines)

 

NICU – neonatal intensive care unit

 

Nocte – every night

 

NoF – neck of femur

 

NSAID – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

 

NSTEMI – non ST elevation myocardial infarction

 

O

O&G – obstetrics and gynaecology (‘obs and gynae’, for short)

 

obs – observations

 

OC – oral contraceptive

 

OD – once a day

 

OD – overdose

 

ODP – operating department practitioner

 

O/E – on examination

 

OLT – orthoptic liver transplant

 

Op – operation

 

OP – outpatient

 

OPD – outpatient department

 

OSA – obstructive sleep apnoea

 

OT – occupational therapist

 

P

PA – physician associate (like ACP)

 

paeds – paediatrics

 

PAF – paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

 

P/C – presenting complaint

 

pcg – picogram

 

PCR – polymerase chain reaction

 

PCI – percutaneous coronary intervention (e.g. for a STEMI)

 

PD – peritoneal dialysis

 

PE – pulmonary embolus

 

PEG – percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

 

PERLA – pupils equal, reactive to light and accommodation

 

PET – positron emission tomography

 

PFT – pulmonary function test

 

pH – potential hydrogen

 

PICU – paediatric intensive care unit

 

PO – orally / by mouth

 

PPI – proton pump inhibitor

 

PR – rectally

 

preop – preoperative

 

PRN – as required

 

physio – physiotherapist

 

PMH – past medical history

 

PNS – peripheral nervous system

 

postop – postoperative

 

POP – plaster of paris

 

PPE – personal protective equipment

 

PPM – permanent pacemaker

 

PSA – prostate specific antigen

 

PSH – past surgical history

 

Pt – patient

 

PTH – parathyroid hormone

 

PTSD – post-traumatic stress disorder

 

PTT – partial thromboplastin time (a measure of how quickly your blood clots)

 

PU – passed urine

 

PU – peptic ulcer

 

PV – per vagina

 

PVD – peripheral vascular disease

 

Q

QDS – 4 times a day

 

R

RAT  – rapid assessment (and) treatment (part of A&E)

 

RBBB/LBBB – right/left bundle branch block

 

RBG – random blood glucose

 

reg – registrar

 

resus – resuscitation (part of A&E where people with most severe illnesses are looked after)

 

RF – rheumatoid factor

 

Rh – rhesus factor

 

RHD – rheumatic heart disease

 

RLQ/RUQ/LLQ/LUQ – right lower/upper quadrant; left lower/upper quadrant

 

RN – registered nurse

 

RNLD – learning disability nurse

 

ROM – range of movement

 

ROSC – return of spontaneous circulation

 

RRT – renal replacement therapy (dialysis or renal transplant)

 

RTA – road traffic accident

 

RVD/RAS – renovascular disease/renal artery stenosis

 

RVH – right ventricular hypertrophy

 

Rx – treatment

 

S

SAH – sub-arachnoid haemorrhage

 

SARS-CoV-2 – severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19)

 

sats – 02 saturation

 

SC – subcutaneous (injection under the skin; ‘subcut’ for short)

 

SCBU – special care baby unit

 

SFL – serum free light chain

 

SH – social history

 

SHO – senior house officer (between F1/2 and registrar)

 

SL – sublingual

 

SLE – systemic lupus erythematosus (‘lupus’ for short)

 

SLR – straight leg raise

 

SOAP – subjective, objective, assessment plan (problem oriented medical record)

 

SOB – shortness of breath

 

SPE – serum electrophoresis

 

SR – systems review

 

S/R – sustained release

 

SSRI – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

 

SLT/SALT – speech and language therapist

 

ST – specialty registrar

 

stat – immediately, with no delay, now

 

STD/I – sexually transmitted disease/infection

 

STEMI – ST elevation myocardial infarction

 

STM – short-term memory

 

strep – streptococcus

 

supp – suppository

 

SUI – serious untoward event

 

SVT – supraventricular tachycardia

 

SW – social worker

 

T

TAC – tacrolimus

 

T3 – triiodothyronine

 

T4 – thyroxine

 

TAH – total abdominal hysterectomy

 

TB – tuberculosis

 

TCI – to come in

 

TDS – 3 times a day

 

temp – temperature

 

TENS – transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

 

TFT – thyroid function test

 

TG – triglyceride

 

‘the Trust’ – i.e. hospital. Avoid this phrase. YOU are the Trust

 

THR – total hip replacement

 

TIA – transient ischemic attack

 

TIPS – transvenous intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt

 

TKR – total knee replacement

 

TPN – total parenteral nutrition

 

TOP – termination of pregnancy

 

TPR – temperature, pulse and respiration

 

TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone

 

TTA – to take away (tablets)

 

TTO – to take out (tablets)

 

TURBT – transurethral resection of bladder tumour

 

TURP – transurethral resection of prostate gland

 

Tx – transplant (LURTx – living unrelated transplant; LRTx – living related transplant)

 

U

U – unit

 

UCO – under care of

 

U&E – urea and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine)

 

UCC – urgent care centre

 

Ur – urea

 

URTI – upper respiratory tract infection

 

US – ultrasound

 

UTA – unable to attend.

 

UTI – urinary tract infection

 

UTC – urgent treatment centre

 

V

V&P – vagotomy and pyloroplasty

 

VBG – venous blood gas

 

VF/VT – ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia

 

VLDL – very-low density lipoprotein (a type of cholesterol)

 

VZV – varicella zoster virus

 

VQ – ventilation perfusion (scan)

 

VTE – venous thromboembolism (a blood clot that forms in a vein)

 

W

WC – white count

 

W/C – wheelchair

 

WHO – World Health Organization (the boss bosses)

 

Wt – weight

 

 

Symbols

 

↑ Increasing/increased

↓ Decreasing/decreased

> Greater than

< Less than

≤ Less than or equal to

≥ Greater than or equal to

–ve Negative

+ve Positive

± Plus or minus

+ Plus

= Equal to

~ About/approximately.

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